{
  "date_consultation": "2026-10-13",
  "perimetre": "Propriétés de semi-produits et compositions fabricant, avec leurs états et conditions de mesure.",
  "matieres": [
    {
      "nom": "Acier",
      "nuances": [
        {
          "designation": "C45",
          "etat_documente": "Ovako 5081 (M-treated), +QT, barre ronde 20 < d < 40 mm",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 7800,
                "unite": "kg/m³",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Valeur de la fiche ; état et température sauf indication non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/c45/",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Density"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  650,
                  800
                ],
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "plage",
                "conditions": "Ovako 5081 (M-treated), +QT, barre ronde 20 < d < 40 mm",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/c45/",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  190,
                  240
                ],
                "unite": "HB",
                "nature": "plage",
                "conditions": "Ovako 5081 (M-treated), +QT, barre ronde 20 < d < 40 mm",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/c45/",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 12,
                "unite": "10⁻⁶ K⁻¹",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Moyenne 20 à 300 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/c45/",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  40,
                  45
                ],
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Température ambiante ; valeurs typiques",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/c45/",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Mécanique",
                  "Automobile"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "C45 ; description générale",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/c45/",
                  "rubrique": "General Information",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "General Information",
                  "tableau": "General Information"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": "M-traitement conçu pour réduire usure outil et améliorer contrôle copeaux",
                "unite": "évaluation qualitative",
                "conditions": "Ovako 5081 (M-treated), +QT, barre ronde 20 < d < 40 mm",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/c45/",
                  "rubrique": "M-Steel",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "M-Steel",
                  "tableau": "M-Steel"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "42CrMo4",
          "etat_documente": "Ovako 6082 MoC410M, +QT, barre ronde 25 < d < 40 mm",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 7800,
                "unite": "kg/m³",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Valeur de la fiche ; état et température sauf indication non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/42crmo4/",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Density"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  1000,
                  1200
                ],
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "plage",
                "conditions": "Ovako 6082 MoC410M, +QT, barre ronde 25 < d < 40 mm",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/42crmo4/",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  300,
                  350
                ],
                "unite": "HB",
                "nature": "plage",
                "conditions": "Ovako 6082 MoC410M, +QT, barre ronde 25 < d < 40 mm",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/42crmo4/",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 12,
                "unite": "10⁻⁶ K⁻¹",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Moyenne 20 à 300 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/42crmo4/",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  40,
                  45
                ],
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Température ambiante ; valeurs typiques",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/42crmo4/",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity"
                }
              }
            ],
            "traitements_surface": [
              {
                "valeur": "Durcissement par induction",
                "unite": "traitement thermique de surface",
                "conditions": "42CrMo4 ; applicable selon Ovako",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/42crmo4/",
                  "rubrique": "General Information",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "General Information",
                  "tableau": "General Information"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": "M-traitement disponible pour optimiser usinabilité",
                "unite": "évaluation qualitative",
                "conditions": "Ovako 6082 MoC410M, +QT, barre ronde 25 < d < 40 mm",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/42crmo4/",
                  "rubrique": "General Information",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "General Information",
                  "tableau": "General Information"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "11SMn30",
          "etat_documente": "Ovako 2715 Green Cut, +AR, barre ronde 25 < d < 200 mm",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 7800,
                "unite": "kg/m³",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Valeur de la fiche ; état et température sauf indication non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/green-cut/",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Density"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  360,
                  540
                ],
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "plage",
                "conditions": "Ovako 2715 Green Cut, +AR, barre ronde 25 < d < 200 mm",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/green-cut/",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  120,
                  160
                ],
                "unite": "HB",
                "nature": "plage",
                "conditions": "Ovako 2715 Green Cut, +AR, barre ronde 25 < d < 200 mm",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/green-cut/",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 12,
                "unite": "10⁻⁶ K⁻¹",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Moyenne 20 à 300 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/green-cut/",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  40,
                  45
                ],
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Température ambiante ; valeurs typiques",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/green-cut/",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": "Supérieure avec outils carbure et HSS",
                "unite": "évaluation qualitative",
                "conditions": "Green Cut 2715 ; benchmark numérique absent",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://steelnavigator.ovako.com/steel-grades/green-cut/",
                  "rubrique": "General Information",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "General Information",
                  "tableau": "General Information"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "url": "/usinage/acier/"
    },
    {
      "nom": "Acier inoxydable",
      "nuances": [
        {
          "designation": "304L / EN 1.4307",
          "etat_documente": "Barre Sanmac 304/304L ; pas une valeur générique à toute barre de la nuance",
          "proprietes": {
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  515,
                  680
                ],
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "plage",
                "conditions": "Barre Sanmac 304/304L ; pas une valeur générique à toute barre de la nuance ; livraison recuite en solution ; essai à 20 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/bar-and-hollow-bar/bar/sanmac-304304l/",
                  "rubrique": "Mechanical properties / 20 °C",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Mechanical properties / 20 °C",
                  "tableau": "Mechanical properties / 20 °C"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 215,
                "unite": "HB",
                "nature": "maximum",
                "conditions": "Barre Sanmac 304/304L ; pas une valeur générique à toute barre de la nuance ; livraison recuite en solution ; essai à 20 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/bar-and-hollow-bar/bar/sanmac-304304l/",
                  "rubrique": "Mechanical properties / hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Mechanical properties / hardness",
                  "tableau": "Mechanical properties / hardness"
                }
              }
            ],
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 7.9,
                "unite": "g/cm³",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Sanmac ; température de la densité non précisée",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/bar-and-hollow-bar/bar/sanmac-304304l/",
                  "rubrique": "Physical properties / Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Physical properties / Density",
                  "tableau": "Physical properties / Density"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 14,
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Sanmac, 20 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/bar-and-hollow-bar/bar/sanmac-304304l/",
                  "rubrique": "Physical properties / Thermal conductivity, ligne 20 °C",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Physical properties / Thermal conductivity, ligne 20 °C",
                  "tableau": "Physical properties / Thermal conductivity, ligne 20 °C"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 16.5,
                "unite": "10⁻⁶ K⁻¹",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Sanmac ; moyenne 30 à 100 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/bar-and-hollow-bar/bar/sanmac-304304l/",
                  "rubrique": "Physical properties / Thermal expansion, ligne 30-100 °C",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Physical properties / Thermal expansion, ligne 30-100 °C",
                  "tableau": "Physical properties / Thermal expansion, ligne 30-100 °C"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "EN 10088-3",
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Norme produit Sanmac selon fabricant",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/bar-and-hollow-bar/bar/sanmac-304304l/",
                  "rubrique": "Product standards",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Product standards",
                  "tableau": "Product standards"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Chimie",
                  "Agroalimentaire",
                  "Pétrochimie",
                  "Papier",
                  "Nucléaire"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "Sanmac 304/304L",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/bar-and-hollow-bar/bar/sanmac-304304l/",
                  "rubrique": "Applications",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Applications",
                  "tableau": "Applications"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": "Améliorée par rapport aux qualités standard",
                "unite": "évaluation qualitative",
                "conditions": "Produit Sanmac ; benchmark numérique absent",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/bar-and-hollow-bar/bar/sanmac-304304l/",
                  "rubrique": "Description",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Description",
                  "tableau": "Description"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "316L / EN 1.4404",
          "etat_documente": "Barre Sanmac 316/316L ; pas une valeur générique à toute barre de la nuance",
          "proprietes": {
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  515,
                  690
                ],
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "plage",
                "conditions": "Barre Sanmac 316/316L ; pas une valeur générique à toute barre de la nuance ; livraison recuite en solution ; essai à 20 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/bar-and-hollow-bar/bar/sanmac-316316l/",
                  "rubrique": "Mechanical properties / 20 °C",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Mechanical properties / 20 °C",
                  "tableau": "Mechanical properties / 20 °C"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 215,
                "unite": "HBW",
                "nature": "maximum",
                "conditions": "Barre Sanmac 316/316L ; pas une valeur générique à toute barre de la nuance ; livraison recuite en solution ; essai à 20 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/bar-and-hollow-bar/bar/sanmac-316316l/",
                  "rubrique": "Mechanical properties / hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Mechanical properties / hardness",
                  "tableau": "Mechanical properties / hardness"
                }
              }
            ],
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 8.0,
                "unite": "g/cm³",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Sanmac ; température de la densité non précisée",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/bar-and-hollow-bar/bar/sanmac-316316l/",
                  "rubrique": "Physical properties / Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Physical properties / Density",
                  "tableau": "Physical properties / Density"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 14,
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Sanmac, 20 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/bar-and-hollow-bar/bar/sanmac-316316l/",
                  "rubrique": "Physical properties / Thermal conductivity, ligne 20 °C",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Physical properties / Thermal conductivity, ligne 20 °C",
                  "tableau": "Physical properties / Thermal conductivity, ligne 20 °C"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 16.5,
                "unite": "10⁻⁶ K⁻¹",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Sanmac ; moyenne 30 à 100 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/bar-and-hollow-bar/bar/sanmac-316316l/",
                  "rubrique": "Physical properties / Thermal expansion, ligne 30-100 °C",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Physical properties / Thermal expansion, ligne 30-100 °C",
                  "tableau": "Physical properties / Thermal expansion, ligne 30-100 °C"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "EN 10088-3",
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Norme produit Sanmac selon fabricant",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/bar-and-hollow-bar/bar/sanmac-316316l/",
                  "rubrique": "Product standards",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Product standards",
                  "tableau": "Product standards"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": "Applications industrielles lorsque résistance corrosion 304/304L insuffisante",
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "Sanmac 316/316L",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/bar-and-hollow-bar/bar/sanmac-316316l/",
                  "rubrique": "Solid Bar",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Solid Bar",
                  "tableau": "Solid Bar"
                }
              }
            ],
            "traitements_surface": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Décapage",
                  "Brossage avec outils inox",
                  "Meulage",
                  "Sablage sans fer"
                ],
                "unite": "traitements de nettoyage de surface",
                "conditions": "1.4404 ; nettoyage après soudage",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://ucpcdn.thyssenkrupp.com/_legacy/UCPthyssenkruppBAMXUK/assets.files/material-data-sheets/stainless-steel/stainless-steel-1.4404-316l.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Processing / Welding, page 3",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Processing / Welding, page 3",
                  "tableau": "Processing / Welding, page 3"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": "Améliorée par rapport aux qualités standard",
                "unite": "évaluation qualitative",
                "conditions": "Produit Sanmac ; benchmark numérique absent",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/bar-and-hollow-bar/bar/sanmac-316316l/",
                  "rubrique": "Description",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Description",
                  "tableau": "Description"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "17-4 PH / EN 1.4542",
          "etat_documente": "Produits longs ACNIS ESR ; état H900",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 7.8,
                "unite": "g/cm³",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Valeur de la fiche ; état et température sauf indication non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/FR-AISI630_FT019.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Density"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 1365,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "valeur informative",
                "conditions": "État H900 (vieillissement à 482 °C), température d’essai non précisée dans le tableau ; valeurs fiche informatives",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/FR-AISI630_FT019.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 44,
                "unite": "HRC",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "État H900 (vieillissement à 482 °C), température d’essai non précisée dans le tableau ; valeurs fiche informatives",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/FR-AISI630_FT019.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 17,
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "20 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/FR-AISI630_FT019.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "ASTM F899",
                  "ASTM A564",
                  "AMS 5643",
                  "EN 10088-3"
                ],
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Produits longs ACNIS",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/FR-AISI630_FT019.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "NORMES",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "NORMES",
                  "tableau": "NORMES"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Instruments chirurgicaux",
                  "Aéronautique",
                  "Chimie",
                  "Pharmacie",
                  "Agroalimentaire"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "Produits longs ACNIS",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/FR-AISI630_FT019.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "APPLICATIONS",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "APPLICATIONS",
                  "tableau": "APPLICATIONS"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 10.9,
                "unite": "10⁻⁶ K⁻¹",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "1.4542 ; moyenne entre 20 et 100 °C ; état thermique du tableau physique non précisé, ne pas attribuer spécifiquement à H900",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://ucpcdn.thyssenkrupp.com/_binary/UCPthyssenkruppBAMXSchweiz/de/downloads/werkstoffdatenblaetter-edelstahl-rostfrei/rsh_stab_4542.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Page 1 / Propriétés physiques / coefficient moyen de dilatation, colonne100°C",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Page 1 / Propriétés physiques / coefficient moyen de dilatation, colonne100°C",
                  "tableau": "Page 1 / Propriétés physiques / coefficient moyen de dilatation, colonne100°C"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": "Très bonne ; améliorée par double vieillissement",
                "unite": "évaluation qualitative",
                "conditions": "1.4542 ; double vieillissement 2h760°C et4h620°C améliore usinage ; état distinctH900, remise en solution et vieillissement définitif après usinage",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://ucpcdn.thyssenkrupp.com/_binary/UCPthyssenkruppBAMXSchweiz/de/downloads/werkstoffdatenblaetter-edelstahl-rostfrei/rsh_stab_4542.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Page 2 / Transformation",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Page 2 / Transformation",
                  "tableau": "Page 2 / Transformation"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "url": "/usinage/inox/"
    },
    {
      "nom": "Aluminium",
      "nuances": [
        {
          "designation": "EN AW-6082",
          "etat_documente": "Plaque T6/T651",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 2.7,
                "unite": "g/cm³",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Valeur de la fiche ; état et température sauf indication non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Aluminium-Alloy-6082-T6T651-Plate_148.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Density"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 295,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "minimum",
                "conditions": "Plaque T6/T651, épaisseur 12,5 à 100 mm ; Rm minimum",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Aluminium-Alloy-6082-T6T651-Plate_148.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 89,
                "unite": "HB",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Plaque T6/T651, épaisseur 12,5 à 100 mm ; Rm minimum",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Aluminium-Alloy-6082-T6T651-Plate_148.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 24,
                "unite": "10⁻⁶ K⁻¹",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Aluminium-Alloy-6082-T6T651-Plate_148.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 180,
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Aluminium-Alloy-6082-T6T651-Plate_148.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Transport",
                  "Structures : ponts, grues"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "Plaque 6082",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Aluminium-Alloy-6082-T6T651-Plate_148.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Applications",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Applications",
                  "tableau": "Applications"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "BS EN 573-3:2009",
                  "BS EN 485-2:2008"
                ],
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Composition et propriétés plaques selon la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Aluminium-Alloy-6082-T6T651-Plate_148.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Chemical Composition et Mechanical Properties",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Chemical Composition et Mechanical Properties",
                  "tableau": "Chemical Composition et Mechanical Properties"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": "Bonne",
                "unite": "évaluation qualitative",
                "conditions": "T6/T651 ; pas de référentiel numérique",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Aluminium-Alloy-6082-T6T651-Plate_148.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Fabrication / Machinability",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Fabrication / Machinability",
                  "tableau": "Fabrication / Machinability"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "EN AW-2017A",
          "etat_documente": "Plaque ALPLAN 2017A T451",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 2.78,
                "unite": "g/cm³",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Valeur de la fiche ; état et température sauf indication non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alucmic.com/fiches-techniques/alplan-2017a",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Density"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 415,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Plaque ALPLAN T451, épaisseur >7,9 à 25 mm, valeurs typiques",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alucmic.com/fiches-techniques/alplan-2017a",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 125,
                "unite": "HB",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Plaque ALPLAN T451, épaisseur >7,9 à 25 mm, valeurs typiques",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alucmic.com/fiches-techniques/alplan-2017a",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 23.6,
                "unite": "10⁻⁶ K⁻¹",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "20 à 100 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alucmic.com/fiches-techniques/alplan-2017a",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  125,
                  140
                ],
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "T451 ; température non précisée",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alucmic.com/fiches-techniques/alplan-2017a",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity"
                }
              }
            ],
            "traitements_surface": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Anodisation technique : bonne",
                  "Anodisation décorative : moyenne"
                ],
                "unite": "compatibilité qualitative",
                "conditions": "ALPLAN 2017A T451",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alucmic.com/fiches-techniques/alplan-2017a",
                  "rubrique": "Mise en œuvre / Anodisation",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Mise en œuvre / Anodisation",
                  "tableau": "Mise en œuvre / Anodisation"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Construction de machines",
                  "Gabarits de montage"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "ALPLAN 2017A T451",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alucmic.com/fiches-techniques/alplan-2017a",
                  "rubrique": "Application",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Application",
                  "tableau": "Application"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "EN 485-2",
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Norme citée pour minima garantis ; valeurs typiques distinctes",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alucmic.com/fiches-techniques/alplan-2017a",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": "Excellente",
                "unite": "évaluation qualitative",
                "conditions": "ALPLAN 2017A T451 ; pas de benchmark numérique",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alucmic.com/fiches-techniques/alplan-2017a",
                  "rubrique": "Mise en œuvre / Usinabilité",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Mise en œuvre / Usinabilité",
                  "tableau": "Mise en œuvre / Usinabilité"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "EN AW-7075",
          "etat_documente": "Plaque ALPLAN 7075 T651",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 2.81,
                "unite": "g/cm³",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "ALPLAN 7075 T651 ; valeurs typiques température ambiante",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://gleich.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Data-Sheet-ALPLAN%C2%AE-7075-1.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Physical Properties / Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Physical Properties / Density",
                  "tableau": "Physical Properties / Density"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  530,
                  565
                ],
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "plage typique",
                "conditions": "ALPLAN 7075 T651 ; valeurs typiques température ambiante",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://gleich.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Data-Sheet-ALPLAN%C2%AE-7075-1.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Mechanical Properties / Ultimate tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Mechanical Properties / Ultimate tensile strength",
                  "tableau": "Mechanical Properties / Ultimate tensile strength"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 23.6,
                "unite": "10⁻⁶ K⁻¹",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "ALPLAN T651, température ambiante selon note 1 ; intervalle non précisé",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://gleich.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Data-Sheet-ALPLAN%C2%AE-7075-1.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Physical Properties / Coefficient thermal expansion",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Physical Properties / Coefficient thermal expansion",
                  "tableau": "Physical Properties / Coefficient thermal expansion"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  115,
                  140
                ],
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "nature": "plage typique",
                "conditions": "ALPLAN 7075 T651 ; valeurs typiques température ambiante",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://gleich.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Data-Sheet-ALPLAN%C2%AE-7075-1.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Physical Properties / Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Physical Properties / Thermal conductivity",
                  "tableau": "Physical Properties / Thermal conductivity"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 175,
                "unite": "HB",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "ALPLAN T651, épaisseur >9,9 à 25 mm ; valeur typique",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alucmic.com/fiches-techniques/alplan-7075",
                  "rubrique": "Valeurs mécaniques typiques / HB",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Valeurs mécaniques typiques / HB",
                  "tableau": "Valeurs mécaniques typiques / HB"
                }
              }
            ],
            "traitements_surface": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Anodisation technique : bonne",
                  "Anodisation décorative : teinte sombre"
                ],
                "unite": "compatibilité qualitative",
                "conditions": "ALPLAN T651",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alucmic.com/fiches-techniques/alplan-7075",
                  "rubrique": "Mise en œuvre / Anodisation",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Mise en œuvre / Anodisation",
                  "tableau": "Mise en œuvre / Anodisation"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Construction de machines",
                  "Robotique"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "ALPLAN 7075 T651",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alucmic.com/fiches-techniques/alplan-7075",
                  "rubrique": "Application",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Application",
                  "tableau": "Application"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "EN 485-2",
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Minima garantis ; valeurs typiques distinctes",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alucmic.com/fiches-techniques/alplan-7075",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": "Excellente",
                "unite": "évaluation qualitative",
                "conditions": "ALPLAN T651 ; benchmark numérique absent",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.alucmic.com/fiches-techniques/alplan-7075",
                  "rubrique": "Mise en œuvre / Usinabilité",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Mise en œuvre / Usinabilité",
                  "tableau": "Mise en œuvre / Usinabilité"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "url": "/usinage/aluminium/"
    },
    {
      "nom": "Bronze",
      "nuances": [
        {
          "designation": "CuSn12-C / CC483K",
          "etat_documente": "Bronze coulé KMM Gb12, EN1982:2008",
          "proprietes": {
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 300,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "minimum",
                "conditions": "Bronze coulé KMM Gb12, EN1982:2008 ; minimum fabricant (N/mm²)",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://kmmbronze.com/?jet_download=5617",
                  "rubrique": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12 / Mechanical Properties",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12 / Mechanical Properties",
                  "tableau": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12 / Mechanical Properties"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 90,
                "unite": "HBW",
                "nature": "minimum",
                "conditions": "Bronze coulé KMM Gb12, EN1982:2008 ; dureté Brinell minimale",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://kmmbronze.com/?jet_download=5617",
                  "rubrique": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12 / Mechanical Properties",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12 / Mechanical Properties",
                  "tableau": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12 / Mechanical Properties"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "EN 1982:2008",
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Bronze coulé KMM Gb12, EN1982:2008",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://kmmbronze.com/?jet_download=5617",
                  "rubrique": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12",
                  "tableau": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Paliers de broches machines-outils",
                  "Roues à vis sans fin",
                  "Écrous de broches chargées"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "Bronze coulé KMM Gb12, EN1982:2008",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://kmmbronze.com/?jet_download=5617",
                  "rubrique": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12 / application",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12 / application",
                  "tableau": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12 / application"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "CuSn7Zn4Pb7-C / CC493K",
          "etat_documente": "Bronze coulé KMM Rg7, EN1982:2008",
          "proprietes": {
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 260,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "minimum",
                "conditions": "Bronze coulé KMM Rg7, EN1982:2008 ; minimum fabricant (N/mm²)",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://kmmbronze.com/?jet_download=5617",
                  "rubrique": "OUR ALLOYS / R g7 / Mechanical Properties",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "OUR ALLOYS / R g7 / Mechanical Properties",
                  "tableau": "OUR ALLOYS / R g7 / Mechanical Properties"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 70,
                "unite": "HBW",
                "nature": "minimum",
                "conditions": "Bronze coulé KMM Rg7, EN1982:2008 ; dureté Brinell minimale",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://kmmbronze.com/?jet_download=5617",
                  "rubrique": "OUR ALLOYS / R g7 / Mechanical Properties",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "OUR ALLOYS / R g7 / Mechanical Properties",
                  "tableau": "OUR ALLOYS / R g7 / Mechanical Properties"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "EN 1982:2008",
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Bronze coulé KMM Rg7, EN1982:2008",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://kmmbronze.com/?jet_download=5617",
                  "rubrique": "OUR ALLOYS / R g7",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "OUR ALLOYS / R g7",
                  "tableau": "OUR ALLOYS / R g7"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Paliers de grues/ascenseurs",
                  "Hydraulique",
                  "Bagues et composants marins"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "Bronze coulé KMM Rg7, EN1982:2008",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://kmmbronze.com/?jet_download=5617",
                  "rubrique": "OUR ALLOYS / R g7 / application",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "OUR ALLOYS / R g7 / application",
                  "tableau": "OUR ALLOYS / R g7 / application"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "CuSn12Ni2-C / CC484K",
          "etat_documente": "Bronze coulé KMM Gb12Ni, EN1982:2008",
          "proprietes": {
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 300,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "minimum",
                "conditions": "Bronze coulé KMM Gb12Ni, EN1982:2008 ; minimum fabricant (N/mm²)",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://kmmbronze.com/?jet_download=5617",
                  "rubrique": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12Ni / Mechanical Properties",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12Ni / Mechanical Properties",
                  "tableau": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12Ni / Mechanical Properties"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 95,
                "unite": "HBW",
                "nature": "minimum",
                "conditions": "Bronze coulé KMM Gb12Ni, EN1982:2008 ; dureté Brinell minimale",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://kmmbronze.com/?jet_download=5617",
                  "rubrique": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12Ni / Mechanical Properties",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12Ni / Mechanical Properties",
                  "tableau": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12Ni / Mechanical Properties"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "EN 1982:2008",
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Bronze coulé KMM Gb12Ni, EN1982:2008",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://kmmbronze.com/?jet_download=5617",
                  "rubrique": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12Ni",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12Ni",
                  "tableau": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12Ni"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Pompes",
                  "Turbines hydrauliques"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "Bronze coulé KMM Gb12Ni, EN1982:2008",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://kmmbronze.com/?jet_download=5617",
                  "rubrique": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12Ni / application",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12Ni / application",
                  "tableau": "OUR ALLOYS / Gb12Ni / application"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "url": "/usinage/bronze/"
    },
    {
      "nom": "Cuivre",
      "nuances": [
        {
          "designation": "Cu-ETP / CW004A",
          "etat_documente": "Produits Aurubis Pori ; EN H040/R200",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 8.9,
                "unite": "g/cm³",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Valeur de la fiche ; état et température sauf indication non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/en/dam/jcr%3A123e3fb3-15a4-4453-8c8a-5b95c68fee06/CU_ETP.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Density"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  200,
                  250
                ],
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "plage",
                "conditions": "EN H040/R200 ; dureté typique selon note fabricant",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/en/dam/jcr%3A123e3fb3-15a4-4453-8c8a-5b95c68fee06/CU_ETP.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  40,
                  65
                ],
                "unite": "HV",
                "nature": "plage",
                "conditions": "EN H040/R200 ; dureté typique selon note fabricant",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/en/dam/jcr%3A123e3fb3-15a4-4453-8c8a-5b95c68fee06/CU_ETP.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 17.6,
                "unite": "10⁻⁶ K⁻¹",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "20 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/en/dam/jcr%3A123e3fb3-15a4-4453-8c8a-5b95c68fee06/CU_ETP.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 386,
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "nature": "minimum",
                "conditions": "Fiche Aurubis ; minimum, température non précisée",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/en/dam/jcr%3A123e3fb3-15a4-4453-8c8a-5b95c68fee06/CU_ETP.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Mécanique",
                  "Électronique",
                  "Jeux de barres",
                  "Automobile",
                  "Électroménager"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "Cu-ETP selon Aalco",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW004A-Sheet-Plate-and-Bar_32.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Applications",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Applications",
                  "tableau": "Applications"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "EN 1652:1997",
                  "EN 13601"
                ],
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Tôles et barres ; sources Aalco",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW004A-Sheet-Plate-and-Bar_32.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Chemical Composition / Spec",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Chemical Composition / Spec",
                  "tableau": "Chemical Composition / Spec"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": 20,
                "unite": "indice (CW614N=100)",
                "conditions": "Cu-ETP selon Aalco ; état non précisé",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW004A-Sheet-Plate-and-Bar_32.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Machinability",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Machinability",
                  "tableau": "Machinability"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "Cu-DHP / CW024A",
          "etat_documente": "Aurubis PNA219 ; état H02 pour Rm/dureté ; doux pour conductivité",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 8.9,
                "unite": "g/cm³",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Valeur de la fiche ; état et température sauf indication non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/en/dam/jcr%3Af04bea00-7740-461e-8578-8b7d45ce683d/c12200-cu-dhp-us.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Density"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  255,
                  317
                ],
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "plage",
                "conditions": "H02 (1/2H), Rm plage et dureté HV nominale",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/en/dam/jcr%3Af04bea00-7740-461e-8578-8b7d45ce683d/c12200-cu-dhp-us.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 90,
                "unite": "HV",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "H02 (1/2H), Rm plage et dureté HV nominale",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/en/dam/jcr%3Af04bea00-7740-461e-8578-8b7d45ce683d/c12200-cu-dhp-us.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 17.6,
                "unite": "10⁻⁶ K⁻¹",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "20 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/en/dam/jcr%3Af04bea00-7740-461e-8578-8b7d45ce683d/c12200-cu-dhp-us.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 339,
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "20 °C ; état doux uniquement",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/en/dam/jcr%3Af04bea00-7740-461e-8578-8b7d45ce683d/c12200-cu-dhp-us.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "ASTM B152",
                  "ASTM B370",
                  "ASME SB152"
                ],
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Fiche Aurubis PNA219",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/en/dam/jcr%3Af04bea00-7740-461e-8578-8b7d45ce683d/c12200-cu-dhp-us.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Applicable specifications",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Applicable specifications",
                  "tableau": "Applicable specifications"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Climatisation",
                  "Réfrigération",
                  "Chimie",
                  "Ustensiles cuisine"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "Cu-DHP Aurubis",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aurubis.com/en/dam/jcr%3Af04bea00-7740-461e-8578-8b7d45ce683d/c12200-cu-dhp-us.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Description / Typical uses",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Description / Typical uses",
                  "tableau": "Description / Typical uses"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": 20,
                "unite": "indice (CW614N=100)",
                "conditions": "Cu-DHP selon Aalco ; état non précisé",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW024A-Sheet-and-Plate_122.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Machinability",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Machinability",
                  "tableau": "Machinability"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "url": "/usinage/cuivre/"
    },
    {
      "nom": "Céramique",
      "nuances": [
        {
          "designation": "Alumine AD-995, Al2O3 nominal 99,5 %",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 3.9,
                "unite": "g/cm³",
                "conditions": "Valeur typique ; composition frittée",
                "methode_essai": "ASTM C20",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.coorstek.com/media/4244/ceramic-material-properties.pdf",
                  "tableau": "Ceramic Material Properties, page 1, colonne AD-995, ligne Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:56.414734+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 262.0,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "conditions": "Traction à 25 °C ; valeur typique",
                "methode_essai": "ACMA TEST #4",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.coorstek.com/media/4244/ceramic-material-properties.pdf",
                  "tableau": "Ceramic Material Properties, page 1, colonne AD-995, ligne Tensile Strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:56.414734+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 14.1,
                "unite": "GPa",
                "conditions": "Knoop, charge 1000 g ; valeur typique",
                "methode_essai": "Knoop 1000 g",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.coorstek.com/media/4244/ceramic-material-properties.pdf",
                  "tableau": "Ceramic Material Properties, page 1, colonne AD-995, ligne Hardness, Knoop 1000 gm",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:56.414734+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 8.2,
                "unite": "10^-6/K",
                "conditions": "Entre 25 et 1000 °C ; valeur typique",
                "methode_essai": "ASTM C372",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.coorstek.com/media/4244/ceramic-material-properties.pdf",
                  "tableau": "Ceramic Material Properties, page 1, colonne AD-995, ligne Coefficient of Thermal Expansion",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:56.414734+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 30.0,
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "conditions": "À 20 °C ; valeur typique",
                "methode_essai": "ASTM C408",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.coorstek.com/media/4244/ceramic-material-properties.pdf",
                  "tableau": "Ceramic Material Properties, page 1, colonne AD-995, ligne Thermal Conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:56.414734+00:00"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "Zircone Dura-Z, partiellement stabilisée MgO",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 5.72,
                "unite": "g/cm³",
                "conditions": "Valeur typique ; composition frittée",
                "methode_essai": "ASTM C20",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.coorstek.com/media/4244/ceramic-material-properties.pdf",
                  "tableau": "Ceramic Material Properties, page 1, colonne DURA-Z™, ligne Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:56.414734+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 483.0,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "conditions": "Traction à 25 °C ; valeur typique",
                "methode_essai": "ACMA TEST #4",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.coorstek.com/media/4244/ceramic-material-properties.pdf",
                  "tableau": "Ceramic Material Properties, page 1, colonne DURA-Z™, ligne Tensile Strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:56.414734+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 11.8,
                "unite": "GPa",
                "conditions": "Knoop, charge 1000 g ; valeur typique",
                "methode_essai": "Knoop 1000 g",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.coorstek.com/media/4244/ceramic-material-properties.pdf",
                  "tableau": "Ceramic Material Properties, page 1, colonne DURA-Z™, ligne Hardness, Knoop 1000 gm",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:56.414734+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 10.2,
                "unite": "10^-6/K",
                "conditions": "Entre 25 et 1000 °C ; valeur typique",
                "methode_essai": "ASTM C372",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.coorstek.com/media/4244/ceramic-material-properties.pdf",
                  "tableau": "Ceramic Material Properties, page 1, colonne DURA-Z™, ligne Coefficient of Thermal Expansion",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:56.414734+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 2.2,
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "conditions": "À 20 °C ; valeur typique",
                "methode_essai": "ASTM C408",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.coorstek.com/media/4244/ceramic-material-properties.pdf",
                  "tableau": "Ceramic Material Properties, page 1, colonne DURA-Z™, ligne Thermal Conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:56.414734+00:00"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "url": "/usinage/ceramique/"
    },
    {
      "nom": "Laiton",
      "nuances": [
        {
          "designation": "CuZn39Pb3 / CW614N",
          "etat_documente": "Barres CW614N ; états R430 et H110 présentés séparément",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 8.47,
                "unite": "g/cm³",
                "conditions": "Valeur informative ; température/état non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW614N-Brass-Rod_31.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Physical Properties / Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Physical Properties / Density",
                  "tableau": "Physical Properties / Density"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 20.9,
                "unite": "10⁻⁶ K⁻¹",
                "conditions": "Température/état non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW614N-Brass-Rod_31.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Physical Properties / Thermal Expansion",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Physical Properties / Thermal Expansion",
                  "tableau": "Physical Properties / Thermal Expansion"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 123,
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "conditions": "Température/état non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW614N-Brass-Rod_31.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Physical Properties / Thermal Conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Physical Properties / Thermal Conductivity",
                  "tableau": "Physical Properties / Thermal Conductivity"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 430,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "minimum",
                "conditions": "Barres R430, clé 2 à 40 mm ; ne pas attribuer à H110",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.almag.it/pdf/39PB3-CW614N-TN-EN.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Mechanical properties EN12164, ligne R430",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Mechanical properties EN12164, ligne R430",
                  "tableau": "Mechanical properties EN12164, ligne R430"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  110,
                  160
                ],
                "unite": "HBW",
                "nature": "plage",
                "conditions": "Barres H110, clé 2 à 40 mm ; ne pas attribuer à R430",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.almag.it/pdf/39PB3-CW614N-TN-EN.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Mechanical properties EN12164, ligne H110",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Mechanical properties EN12164, ligne H110",
                  "tableau": "Mechanical properties EN12164, ligne H110"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "EN 12164:2011",
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Barres CW614N selon fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW614N-Brass-Rod_31.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Chemical composition / Spec",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Chemical composition / Spec",
                  "tableau": "Chemical composition / Spec"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Pièces usinées grande vitesse",
                  "Serrures",
                  "Charnières",
                  "Profilés architecture"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "CW614N selon Aalco",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW614N-Brass-Rod_31.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Applications",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Applications",
                  "tableau": "Applications"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": 100,
                "unite": "indice (CW614N=100)",
                "conditions": "Référence explicitement donnée par Aalco",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW614N-Brass-Rod_31.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Machinability",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Machinability",
                  "tableau": "Machinability"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "CuZn40Pb2 / CW617N",
          "etat_documente": "Barres : R430 pour Rm et H110 pour dureté séparément",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 8.41,
                "unite": "g/cm³",
                "conditions": "20 °C, fiche HME ; état non précisé",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.hmemetal.com/fileadmin/user_upload/DOWNLOADCENTER/werkstoffe/fr/09.2021/Fiche_technique_CW617N_CuZn40Pb2__F_.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Densité",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Densité",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Densité"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 21.1,
                "unite": "10⁻⁶ K⁻¹",
                "conditions": "Intervalle température non précisé",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.hmemetal.com/fileadmin/user_upload/DOWNLOADCENTER/werkstoffe/fr/09.2021/Fiche_technique_CW617N_CuZn40Pb2__F_.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / dilatation",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / dilatation",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / dilatation"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 113,
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "conditions": "Température/état non précisés, fiche HME",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.hmemetal.com/fileadmin/user_upload/DOWNLOADCENTER/werkstoffe/fr/09.2021/Fiche_technique_CW617N_CuZn40Pb2__F_.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / conductivité",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / conductivité",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / conductivité"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Sanitaire",
                  "Électricité",
                  "Mécanique",
                  "Automobile",
                  "Optique"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "CW617N",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.hmemetal.com/fileadmin/user_upload/DOWNLOADCENTER/werkstoffe/fr/09.2021/Fiche_technique_CW617N_CuZn40Pb2__F_.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Exemples application",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Exemples application",
                  "tableau": "Exemples application"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 430,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "minimum",
                "conditions": "Barres R430 d=2-60 mm, clé=2-40 mm ; état H110 distinct",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://d2zo35mdb530wx.cloudfront.net/_binary/UCPthyssenkruppBAMXSchweiz/fr/downloads/fiches-techniques-laiton/link-CW617N_CuZn40Pb2_f.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Page 2 / barres ligne R430",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Page 2 / barres ligne R430",
                  "tableau": "Page 2 / barres ligne R430"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  110,
                  160
                ],
                "unite": "HBW",
                "nature": "plage",
                "conditions": "Barres H110 d=2-60 mm, clé=2-40 mm ; état R430 distinct",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://d2zo35mdb530wx.cloudfront.net/_binary/UCPthyssenkruppBAMXSchweiz/fr/downloads/fiches-techniques-laiton/link-CW617N_CuZn40Pb2_f.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Page 2 / barres ligne H110",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Page 2 / barres ligne H110",
                  "tableau": "Page 2 / barres ligne H110"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "EN 12164",
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Barres ; norme de la source mécanique",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://d2zo35mdb530wx.cloudfront.net/_binary/UCPthyssenkruppBAMXSchweiz/fr/downloads/fiches-techniques-laiton/link-CW617N_CuZn40Pb2_f.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Page 2 / titre tableau barres",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Page 2 / titre tableau barres",
                  "tableau": "Page 2 / titre tableau barres"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": "Très bonne",
                "unite": "évaluation qualitative",
                "conditions": "CW617N ; benchmark numérique absent",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.hmemetal.com/fileadmin/user_upload/DOWNLOADCENTER/werkstoffe/fr/09.2021/Fiche_technique_CW617N_CuZn40Pb2__F_.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Introduction",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Introduction",
                  "tableau": "Introduction"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "CuZn37Pb2 / CW606N",
          "etat_documente": "Barres CW606N, états non distingués dans tableau Aalco",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 8.5,
                "unite": "g/cm³",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Valeur de la fiche ; état et température sauf indication non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW606N-Brass-Bar_117.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Density"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  340,
                  480
                ],
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "plage",
                "conditions": "Barres diamètre 10-80 mm / clé 10-60 mm ; états mélangés non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW606N-Brass-Bar_117.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  70,
                  140
                ],
                "unite": "HB",
                "nature": "plafonds variables selon état non distingué",
                "conditions": "Barres diamètre 10-80 mm / clé 10-60 mm ; valeurs maximales 70 à 140 HB selon état non distingué, ne constituent pas une plage obtenue",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW606N-Brass-Bar_117.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 115,
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW606N-Brass-Bar_117.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "EN 12164:2011",
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Barres",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW606N-Brass-Bar_117.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Spec",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Spec",
                  "tableau": "Spec"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Automobile",
                  "Électroménager",
                  "Fixations",
                  "Horlogerie"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "CW606N",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW606N-Brass-Bar_117.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Applications",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Applications",
                  "tableau": "Applications"
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              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": 70,
                "unite": "indice (CW614N=100)",
                "conditions": "Benchmark Aalco identique CW614N",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.aalco.co.uk/datasheets/Copper-and-Copper-Alloys-CW606N-Brass-Bar_117.ashx",
                  "rubrique": "Machinability",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Machinability",
                  "tableau": "Machinability"
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              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "url": "/usinage/laiton/"
    },
    {
      "nom": "PEEK",
      "nuances": [
        {
          "designation": "PEEK",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 1.31,
                "unite": "g/cm3",
                "conditions": "Fiche du semi-produit ; température non précisée dans Facts",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Facts",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:55.553317+00:00"
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              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 116,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "type_essai": "Tensile strength",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "notes_essai": [
                  "For tensile test: specimen type 1b"
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                "conditions": "50mm/min",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:55.553317+00:00"
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              }
            ],
            "resistance_traction_limite_elastique": [
              {
                "valeur": 116,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "type_essai": "Tensile strength at yield",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "notes_essai": [
                  "For tensile test: specimen type 1b"
                ],
                "conditions": "50mm/min",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength at yield",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:55.553317+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 89,
                "unite": "Shore D",
                "type_essai": "Shore hardness",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "conditions": "D",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:55.553317+00:00"
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              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 0.27,
                "unite": "W/(k*m)",
                "type_essai": "Thermal conductivity",
                "norme": "ISO 22007-4:2008",
                "conditions": "Paramètre non précisé dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:55.553317+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 5,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "23-60°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:55.553317+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": 5,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "23-100°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:55.553317+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": 7,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "100-150°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:55.553317+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
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                  "mechanical engineering",
                  "energy industry",
                  "electronics",
                  "food technology",
                  "oil and gas industry",
                  "aircraft and aerospace technology",
                  "automotive industry",
                  "semiconductor technology",
                  "vacuum technology"
                ],
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Target industries",
                  "ligne": "Liste de secteurs",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:55.553317+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "champ": "rm",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:55.553317+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "champ": "resistance_traction_limite_elastique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength at yield",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:55.553317+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "champ": "durete",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:55.553317+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "ISO 22007-4:2008",
                "champ": "conductivite_thermique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:55.553317+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:55.553317+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:55.553317+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:55.553317+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": "good machinability",
                "type": "qualification du fabricant sans indice relatif numérique",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-natural",
                  "section": "Main Features",
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        },
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          "designation": "PEEK-GF30",
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                "valeur": 1.53,
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                "conditions": "Fiche du semi-produit ; température non précisée dans Facts",
                "source": {
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                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:59.685417+00:00"
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            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 113,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "type_essai": "Tensile strength",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "notes_essai": [
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                "conditions": "5mm/min",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-gf30-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
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            ],
            "durete": [
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                "valeur": 90,
                "unite": "Shore D",
                "type_essai": "Shore hardness",
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                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-gf30-natural",
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                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
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            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
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                "valeur": 0.35,
                "unite": "W/(k*m)",
                "type_essai": "Thermal conductivity",
                "norme": "ISO 22007-4:2008",
                "conditions": "Paramètre non précisé dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-gf30-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:59.685417+00:00"
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              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 4,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "23-60°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-gf30-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:59.685417+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": 4,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "23-100°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-gf30-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:59.685417+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": 5,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "100-150°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-gf30-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:59.685417+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "electronics",
                  "automotive industry",
                  "vacuum technology",
                  "chemical technology",
                  "oil and gas industry",
                  "mechanical engineering",
                  "aircraft and aerospace technology"
                ],
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-gf30-natural",
                  "section": "Target industries",
                  "ligne": "Liste de secteurs",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:59.685417+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "champ": "rm",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-gf30-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:59.685417+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "champ": "durete",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-gf30-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:59.685417+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "ISO 22007-4:2008",
                "champ": "conductivite_thermique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-gf30-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:59.685417+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-gf30-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:59.685417+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-gf30-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:59.685417+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-gf30-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:29:59.685417+00:00"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "PEEK-CF30",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 1.38,
                "unite": "g/cm3",
                "conditions": "Fiche du semi-produit ; température non précisée dans Facts",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-cf30-black",
                  "section": "Facts",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:03.619297+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 112,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "type_essai": "Tensile strength",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "notes_essai": [
                  "For tensile test: specimen type 1b"
                ],
                "conditions": "50mm/min",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-cf30-black",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:03.619297+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 90,
                "unite": "Shore D",
                "type_essai": "Shore hardness",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "conditions": "D",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-cf30-black",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:03.619297+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 0.66,
                "unite": "W/(k*m)",
                "type_essai": "Thermal conductivity",
                "norme": "ISO 22007-4:2008",
                "conditions": "Paramètre non précisé dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-cf30-black",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:03.619297+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 4,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "23-60°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-cf30-black",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:03.619297+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": 4,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "23-100°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-cf30-black",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:03.619297+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": 6,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "100-150°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-cf30-black",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:03.619297+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "mechanical engineering",
                  "oil and gas industry",
                  "chemical technology",
                  "automotive industry",
                  "vacuum technology",
                  "aircraft and aerospace technology"
                ],
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-cf30-black",
                  "section": "Target industries",
                  "ligne": "Liste de secteurs",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:03.619297+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "champ": "rm",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-cf30-black",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:03.619297+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "champ": "durete",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-cf30-black",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:03.619297+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "ISO 22007-4:2008",
                "champ": "conductivite_thermique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-cf30-black",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:03.619297+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-cf30-black",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:03.619297+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-cf30-black",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:03.619297+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/peek-tecapeek-cf30-black",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:03.619297+00:00"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "url": "/usinage/peek/"
    },
    {
      "nom": "PEHD",
      "nuances": [
        {
          "designation": "PE-HD",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 0.96,
                "unite": "g/cm3",
                "conditions": "Fiche du semi-produit ; température non précisée dans Facts",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/polyethylene-tecafine-pe-300-natural",
                  "section": "Facts",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:47.002851+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "resistance_traction_limite_elastique": [
              {
                "valeur": 23,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "type_essai": "Tensile strength at yield",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 527-1",
                "conditions": "Paramètre non précisé dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/polyethylene-tecafine-pe-300-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength at yield",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:47.002851+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 64,
                "unite": "Shore D",
                "type_essai": "Shore hardness",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "conditions": "Shore D",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/polyethylene-tecafine-pe-300-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:47.002851+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 18,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "Paramètre non précisé dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/polyethylene-tecafine-pe-300-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:47.002851+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "agricultural machinery",
                  "automotive industry",
                  "chemical technology",
                  "food technology"
                ],
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/polyethylene-tecafine-pe-300-natural",
                  "section": "Target industries",
                  "ligne": "Liste de secteurs",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:47.002851+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-1",
                "champ": "resistance_traction_limite_elastique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/polyethylene-tecafine-pe-300-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength at yield",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:47.002851+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "champ": "durete",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/polyethylene-tecafine-pe-300-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:47.002851+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/polyethylene-tecafine-pe-300-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:47.002851+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": "good machinability",
                "type": "qualification du fabricant sans indice relatif numérique",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/polyethylene-tecafine-pe-300-natural",
                  "section": "Main Features",
                  "ligne": "good machinability",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:47.002851+00:00"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "PE-HD PE 100",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": ">0,96",
                "unite": "g / cm^3",
                "type_essai": "Density",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 1183-1",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/pl/industrial/materialy/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-100/polystone-g-b-100-black-748054",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G B 100 black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:50.677439+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "designation_moulage": [
              {
                "valeur": "PE,,EACH,62,T003",
                "unite": "",
                "type_essai": "Moulding Compound PE",
                "norme": "ISO 17855-1",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/pl/industrial/materialy/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-100/polystone-g-b-100-black-748054",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G B 100 black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Moulding Compound PE",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:50.677439+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "resistance_traction_limite_elastique": [
              {
                "valeur": ">23",
                "unite": "MPa",
                "type_essai": "Yield stress",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 527",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/pl/industrial/materialy/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-100/polystone-g-b-100-black-748054",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G B 100 black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Yield stress",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:50.677439+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 63,
                "unite": "scale D",
                "type_essai": "Shore hardness",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/pl/industrial/materialy/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-100/polystone-g-b-100-black-748054",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G B 100 black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:50.677439+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 0.4,
                "unite": "W / (m * K)",
                "type_essai": "Thermal conductivity",
                "norme": "DIN 52612-1",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/pl/industrial/materialy/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-100/polystone-g-b-100-black-748054",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G B 100 black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:50.677439+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": "150 ... 230",
                "unite": "10^-6 / K",
                "type_essai": "Coefficient of linear thermal expansion",
                "norme": "DIN 53752",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/pl/industrial/materialy/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-100/polystone-g-b-100-black-748054",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G B 100 black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Coefficient of linear thermal expansion",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:50.677439+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Chemical Processing Industry",
                  "Chemical storage tanks"
                ],
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/pl/industrial/materialy/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-100/polystone-g-b-100-black-748054",
                  "section": "Industries",
                  "ligne": "Liste de secteurs",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:50.677439+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 1183-1",
                "champ": "densite",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/pl/industrial/materialy/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-100/polystone-g-b-100-black-748054",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G B 100 black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:50.677439+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "ISO 17855-1",
                "champ": "designation_moulage",
                "type": "Classification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/pl/industrial/materialy/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-100/polystone-g-b-100-black-748054",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G B 100 black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Moulding Compound PE",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:50.677439+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527",
                "champ": "resistance_traction_limite_elastique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/pl/industrial/materialy/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-100/polystone-g-b-100-black-748054",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G B 100 black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Yield stress",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:50.677439+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "champ": "durete",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/pl/industrial/materialy/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-100/polystone-g-b-100-black-748054",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G B 100 black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:50.677439+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN 52612-1",
                "champ": "conductivite_thermique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/pl/industrial/materialy/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-100/polystone-g-b-100-black-748054",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G B 100 black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:50.677439+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN 53752",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/pl/industrial/materialy/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-100/polystone-g-b-100-black-748054",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G B 100 black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Coefficient of linear thermal expansion",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:50.677439+00:00"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "PE-HD conducteur",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": ">0,98",
                "unite": "g / cm^3",
                "type_essai": "Density",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 1183-1",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-300/polystone-g-el-black-748089",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G EL black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:53.780452+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "resistance_traction_limite_elastique": [
              {
                "valeur": ">22",
                "unite": "MPa",
                "type_essai": "Yield stress",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 527",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-300/polystone-g-el-black-748089",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G EL black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Yield stress",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:53.780452+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": ">65",
                "unite": "scale D",
                "type_essai": "Shore hardness",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-300/polystone-g-el-black-748089",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G EL black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:53.780452+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": "150 ... 230",
                "unite": "10^-6 / K",
                "type_essai": "Coefficient of linear thermal expansion",
                "norme": "DIN 53752",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-300/polystone-g-el-black-748089",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G EL black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Coefficient of linear thermal expansion",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:53.780452+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 0.4,
                "unite": "W / (m * K)",
                "type_essai": "Thermal conductivity",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 22007-2",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-300/polystone-g-el-black-748089",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G EL black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:53.780452+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Chemical Processing Industry",
                  "Mechanical Engineering Industry",
                  "Electrical Industry"
                ],
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-300/polystone-g-el-black-748089",
                  "section": "Industries",
                  "ligne": "Liste de secteurs",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:53.780452+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 1183-1",
                "champ": "densite",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-300/polystone-g-el-black-748089",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G EL black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:53.780452+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527",
                "champ": "resistance_traction_limite_elastique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-300/polystone-g-el-black-748089",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G EL black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Yield stress",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:53.780452+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "champ": "durete",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-300/polystone-g-el-black-748089",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G EL black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:53.780452+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN 53752",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-300/polystone-g-el-black-748089",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G EL black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Coefficient of linear thermal expansion",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:53.780452+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 22007-2",
                "champ": "conductivite_thermique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/industrial-plastics/pe/pe-hd-pe-300/polystone-g-el-black-748089",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Polystone® G EL black extruded",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:53.780452+00:00"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "url": "/usinage/pehd/"
    },
    {
      "nom": "POM",
      "nuances": [
        {
          "designation": "POM-C",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 1.41,
                "unite": "g/cm3",
                "conditions": "Fiche du semi-produit ; température non précisée dans Facts",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ah-natural",
                  "section": "Facts",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:07.170906+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
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              {
                "valeur": 67,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "type_essai": "Tensile strength",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "notes_essai": [
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                ],
                "conditions": "50mm/min",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ah-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:07.170906+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "resistance_traction_limite_elastique": [
              {
                "valeur": 67,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "type_essai": "Tensile strength at yield",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "notes_essai": [
                  "For tensile test: specimen type 1b"
                ],
                "conditions": "50mm/min",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ah-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength at yield",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:07.170906+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 82,
                "unite": "Shore D",
                "type_essai": "Shore hardness",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "conditions": "D",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ah-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:07.170906+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 0.39,
                "unite": "W/(k*m)",
                "type_essai": "Thermal conductivity",
                "norme": "ISO 22007-4:2008",
                "conditions": "Paramètre non précisé dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ah-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:07.170906+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 13,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "23-60°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ah-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:07.170906+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": 14,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "23-100°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ah-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:07.170906+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "mechanical engineering",
                  "oil and gas industry",
                  "aircraft and aerospace technology",
                  "food technology",
                  "automotive industry",
                  "electronics"
                ],
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ah-natural",
                  "section": "Target industries",
                  "ligne": "Liste de secteurs",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:07.170906+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "champ": "rm",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ah-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:07.170906+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "champ": "resistance_traction_limite_elastique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ah-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength at yield",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:07.170906+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "champ": "durete",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ah-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:07.170906+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "ISO 22007-4:2008",
                "champ": "conductivite_thermique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ah-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:07.170906+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ah-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:07.170906+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ah-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:07.170906+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": "good machinability",
                "type": "qualification du fabricant sans indice relatif numérique",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ah-natural",
                  "section": "Main Features",
                  "ligne": "good machinability",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:07.170906+00:00"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "POM-H",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 1.43,
                "unite": "g/cm3",
                "conditions": "Fiche du semi-produit ; température non précisée dans Facts",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ad-natural-",
                  "section": "Facts",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:10.961869+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 79,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "type_essai": "Tensile strength",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "notes_essai": [
                  "For tensile test: specimen type 1b"
                ],
                "conditions": "50mm/min",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ad-natural-",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:10.961869+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "resistance_traction_limite_elastique": [
              {
                "valeur": 79,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "type_essai": "Tensile strength at yield",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "notes_essai": [
                  "For tensile test: specimen type 1b"
                ],
                "conditions": "50mm/min",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ad-natural-",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength at yield",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:10.961869+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 85,
                "unite": "Shore D",
                "type_essai": "Shore hardness",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "conditions": "D",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ad-natural-",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:10.961869+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 0.43,
                "unite": "W/(k*m)",
                "type_essai": "Thermal conductivity",
                "norme": "ISO 22007-4:2008",
                "conditions": "Paramètre non précisé dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ad-natural-",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:10.961869+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 12,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "23-60°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ad-natural-",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:10.961869+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": 13,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "23-100°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ad-natural-",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:10.961869+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "mechanical engineering",
                  "food technology",
                  "electronics",
                  "aircraft and aerospace technology",
                  "automotive industry"
                ],
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ad-natural-",
                  "section": "Target industries",
                  "ligne": "Liste de secteurs",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:10.961869+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "champ": "rm",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ad-natural-",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:10.961869+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "champ": "resistance_traction_limite_elastique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ad-natural-",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength at yield",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:10.961869+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "champ": "durete",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ad-natural-",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:10.961869+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "ISO 22007-4:2008",
                "champ": "conductivite_thermique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ad-natural-",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:10.961869+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ad-natural-",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:10.961869+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ad-natural-",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:10.961869+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": "good machinability",
                "type": "qualification du fabricant sans indice relatif numérique",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/acetal-tecaform-ad-natural-",
                  "section": "Main Features",
                  "ligne": "good machinability",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:10.961869+00:00"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "POM-C-GF25",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 1.59,
                "unite": "g/cm3",
                "conditions": "Fiche du semi-produit ; température non précisée dans Facts",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/glass-filled-acetal-tecaform-ah-gf25-natural",
                  "section": "Facts",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:14.449280+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 51,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "type_essai": "Tensile strength",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "notes_essai": [
                  "For tensile test: specimen type 1b"
                ],
                "conditions": "50mm/min",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/glass-filled-acetal-tecaform-ah-gf25-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:14.449280+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "resistance_traction_limite_elastique": [
              {
                "valeur": 51,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "type_essai": "Tensile strength at yield",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "notes_essai": [
                  "For tensile test: specimen type 1b"
                ],
                "conditions": "50mm/min",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/glass-filled-acetal-tecaform-ah-gf25-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength at yield",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:14.449280+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 84,
                "unite": "Shore D",
                "type_essai": "Shore hardness",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "conditions": "D",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/glass-filled-acetal-tecaform-ah-gf25-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:14.449280+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 0.47,
                "unite": "W/(k*m)",
                "type_essai": "Thermal conductivity",
                "norme": "ISO 22007-4:2008",
                "conditions": "Paramètre non précisé dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/glass-filled-acetal-tecaform-ah-gf25-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:14.449280+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 8,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "23-60°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/glass-filled-acetal-tecaform-ah-gf25-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:14.449280+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": 8,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "23-100°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/glass-filled-acetal-tecaform-ah-gf25-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:14.449280+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "mechanical engineering",
                  "electronics",
                  "automotive industry"
                ],
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/glass-filled-acetal-tecaform-ah-gf25-natural",
                  "section": "Target industries",
                  "ligne": "Liste de secteurs",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:14.449280+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "champ": "rm",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/glass-filled-acetal-tecaform-ah-gf25-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:14.449280+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "champ": "resistance_traction_limite_elastique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/glass-filled-acetal-tecaform-ah-gf25-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength at yield",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:14.449280+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "champ": "durete",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/glass-filled-acetal-tecaform-ah-gf25-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:14.449280+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "ISO 22007-4:2008",
                "champ": "conductivite_thermique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/glass-filled-acetal-tecaform-ah-gf25-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:14.449280+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/glass-filled-acetal-tecaform-ah-gf25-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:14.449280+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/glass-filled-acetal-tecaform-ah-gf25-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:14.449280+00:00"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "url": "/usinage/pom/"
    },
    {
      "nom": "PTFE",
      "nuances": [
        {
          "designation": "PTFE",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 2.15,
                "unite": "g/cm3",
                "conditions": "Fiche du semi-produit ; température non précisée dans Facts",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/tecaflon-ptfe-natural",
                  "section": "Facts",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:17.905367+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 22,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "type_essai": "Tensile strength",
                "norme": "ASTM D 4894",
                "notes_essai": [
                  "Tested on extruded and machined specimen"
                ],
                "conditions": "Paramètre non précisé dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/tecaflon-ptfe-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:17.905367+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 59,
                "unite": "Shore D",
                "type_essai": "Shore hardness",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "conditions": "D",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/tecaflon-ptfe-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:17.905367+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 0.2,
                "unite": "W/(k*m)",
                "type_essai": "Thermal conductivity",
                "norme": "ASTM C 177",
                "conditions": "Paramètre non précisé dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/tecaflon-ptfe-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:17.905367+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 13,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "ASTM D 696",
                "conditions": "23-100°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/tecaflon-ptfe-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:17.905367+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "aircraft and aerospace technology",
                  "chemical technology",
                  "food technology",
                  "cryogenic engineering",
                  "mechanical engineering",
                  "semiconductor technology"
                ],
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/tecaflon-ptfe-natural",
                  "section": "Target industries",
                  "ligne": "Liste de secteurs",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:17.905367+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "ASTM D 4894",
                "champ": "rm",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/tecaflon-ptfe-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:17.905367+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "champ": "durete",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/tecaflon-ptfe-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:17.905367+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "ASTM C 177",
                "champ": "conductivite_thermique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/tecaflon-ptfe-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:17.905367+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "ASTM D 696",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/tecaflon-ptfe-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:17.905367+00:00"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "PTFE + 25% verre",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 2.24,
                "unite": "g / cm^3",
                "type_essai": "Density",
                "norme": "ASTM D4894",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/high-performance-plastics/ptfe/fibracon-ptfe-25-glass-709617",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Fibracon® PTFE + 25% Glass",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:21.341756+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 64,
                "unite": "Shore D",
                "type_essai": "Hardness",
                "methode_essai": "Needle",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/high-performance-plastics/ptfe/fibracon-ptfe-25-glass-709617",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Fibracon® PTFE + 25% Glass",
                  "ligne": "Hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:21.341756+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 18,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "type_essai": "Tensile Strength (23°C)",
                "norme": "ASTM D4894",
                "conditions": "23 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/high-performance-plastics/ptfe/fibracon-ptfe-25-glass-709617",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Fibracon® PTFE + 25% Glass",
                  "ligne": "Tensile Strength (23°C)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:21.341756+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Chemical Processing Industry",
                  "Vehicle Construction",
                  "Electronics",
                  "Oil and Gas",
                  "Mechanical Engineering Industry",
                  "Healthcare",
                  "Wind Energy"
                ],
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/high-performance-plastics/ptfe/fibracon-ptfe-25-glass-709617",
                  "section": "Industries",
                  "ligne": "Liste de secteurs",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:21.341756+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "ASTM D4894",
                "champ": "densite",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/high-performance-plastics/ptfe/fibracon-ptfe-25-glass-709617",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Fibracon® PTFE + 25% Glass",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:21.341756+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "ASTM D4894",
                "champ": "rm",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/uk/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/high-performance-plastics/ptfe/fibracon-ptfe-25-glass-709617",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Fibracon® PTFE + 25% Glass",
                  "ligne": "Tensile Strength (23°C)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:21.341756+00:00"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "PTFE + 25% graphite",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": "2.05 - 2.25",
                "unite": "g / cm^3",
                "type_essai": "Density",
                "norme": "ASTM D1457",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/us/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/high-performance-plastics/ptfe/fibracon-ptfe-25-graphite-709618",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Fibracon® PTFE + 25% Graphite",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:26.895150+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": "55 - 59",
                "unite": "Shore D",
                "type_essai": "Hardness",
                "norme": "ASTM D1706",
                "conditions": "Température non précisée dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/us/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/high-performance-plastics/ptfe/fibracon-ptfe-25-graphite-709618",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Fibracon® PTFE + 25% Graphite",
                  "ligne": "Hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:26.895150+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": "> 8",
                "unite": "N/mm²",
                "type_essai": "Tensile Strength (23°C)",
                "norme": "ASTM D1457",
                "conditions": "23 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/us/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/high-performance-plastics/ptfe/fibracon-ptfe-25-graphite-709618",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Fibracon® PTFE + 25% Graphite",
                  "ligne": "Tensile Strength (23°C)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:26.895150+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Chemical Processing Industry",
                  "Vehicle Construction",
                  "Electronics",
                  "Oil and Gas",
                  "Mechanical Engineering Industry",
                  "Healthcare",
                  "Wind Energy"
                ],
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/us/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/high-performance-plastics/ptfe/fibracon-ptfe-25-graphite-709618",
                  "section": "Industries",
                  "ligne": "Liste de secteurs",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:26.895150+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "ASTM D1457",
                "champ": "densite",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/us/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/high-performance-plastics/ptfe/fibracon-ptfe-25-graphite-709618",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Fibracon® PTFE + 25% Graphite",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:26.895150+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "ASTM D1706",
                "champ": "durete",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/us/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/high-performance-plastics/ptfe/fibracon-ptfe-25-graphite-709618",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Fibracon® PTFE + 25% Graphite",
                  "ligne": "Hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:26.895150+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "ASTM D1457",
                "champ": "rm",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.roechling.com/us/industrial/materials/thermoplastics/high-performance-plastics/ptfe/fibracon-ptfe-25-graphite-709618",
                  "section": "Technical Specifications Fibracon® PTFE + 25% Graphite",
                  "ligne": "Tensile Strength (23°C)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:30:26.895150+00:00"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "url": "/usinage/ptfe/"
    },
    {
      "nom": "Plastiques techniques",
      "nuances": [],
      "url": "/usinage/plastiques-techniques/",
      "references": [
        {
          "matiere": "PEEK",
          "nuance": "PEEK"
        },
        {
          "matiere": "PEEK",
          "nuance": "PEEK-GF30"
        },
        {
          "matiere": "PEEK",
          "nuance": "PEEK-CF30"
        },
        {
          "matiere": "POM",
          "nuance": "POM-C"
        },
        {
          "matiere": "POM",
          "nuance": "POM-H"
        },
        {
          "matiere": "POM",
          "nuance": "POM-C-GF25"
        },
        {
          "matiere": "PTFE",
          "nuance": "PTFE"
        },
        {
          "matiere": "PTFE",
          "nuance": "PTFE + 25% verre"
        },
        {
          "matiere": "PTFE",
          "nuance": "PTFE + 25% graphite"
        },
        {
          "matiere": "Polyamides",
          "nuance": "PA 6"
        },
        {
          "matiere": "Polyamides",
          "nuance": "PA 66"
        },
        {
          "matiere": "Polyamides",
          "nuance": "PA 6 C"
        },
        {
          "matiere": "PEHD",
          "nuance": "PE-HD"
        },
        {
          "matiere": "PEHD",
          "nuance": "PE-HD PE 100"
        },
        {
          "matiere": "PEHD",
          "nuance": "PE-HD conducteur"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "nom": "Polyamides",
      "nuances": [
        {
          "designation": "PA 6",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 1.14,
                "unite": "g/cm3",
                "conditions": "Fiche du semi-produit ; température non précisée dans Facts",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecamid-6-natural",
                  "section": "Facts",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:36.233722+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 79,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "type_essai": "Tensile strength",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "notes_essai": [
                  "For tensile test: specimen type 1b"
                ],
                "conditions": "50mm/min",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecamid-6-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:36.233722+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "resistance_traction_limite_elastique": [
              {
                "valeur": 78,
                "unite": "MPa",
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                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "notes_essai": [
                  "For tensile test: specimen type 1b"
                ],
                "conditions": "50mm/min",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecamid-6-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength at yield",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:36.233722+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 79,
                "unite": "Shore D",
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                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "conditions": "D",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecamid-6-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:36.233722+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 0.37,
                "unite": "W/(k*m)",
                "type_essai": "Thermal conductivity",
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                "conditions": "Paramètre non précisé dans la fiche",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecamid-6-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:36.233722+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
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                "conditions": "23-60°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecamid-6-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:36.233722+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": 13,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
                "type_essai": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "23-100°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecamid-6-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:36.233722+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "mechanical engineering",
                  "aircraft and aerospace technology",
                  "food technology",
                  "electronics",
                  "automotive industry"
                ],
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecamid-6-natural",
                  "section": "Target industries",
                  "ligne": "Liste de secteurs",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:36.233722+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "champ": "rm",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecamid-6-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:36.233722+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "champ": "resistance_traction_limite_elastique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecamid-6-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength at yield",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:36.233722+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "champ": "durete",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecamid-6-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:36.233722+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "ISO 22007-4:2008",
                "champ": "conductivite_thermique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecamid-6-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:36.233722+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecamid-6-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:36.233722+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecamid-6-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:36.233722+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "usinabilite_relative": [
              {
                "valeur": "good machinability",
                "type": "qualification du fabricant sans indice relatif numérique",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecamid-6-natural",
                  "section": "Main Features",
                  "ligne": "good machinability",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:36.233722+00:00"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "PA 66",
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              {
                "valeur": 1.15,
                "unite": "g/cm3",
                "conditions": "Fiche du semi-produit ; température non précisée dans Facts",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa66-tecamid-66-natural",
                  "section": "Facts",
                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:40.049695+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
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              {
                "valeur": 85,
                "unite": "MPa",
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                ],
                "conditions": "50mm/min",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa66-tecamid-66-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:40.049695+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "resistance_traction_limite_elastique": [
              {
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                "notes_essai": [
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                ],
                "conditions": "50mm/min",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa66-tecamid-66-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength at yield",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:40.049695+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
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              {
                "valeur": 82,
                "unite": "Shore D",
                "type_essai": "Shore hardness",
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                "conditions": "D",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa66-tecamid-66-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:40.049695+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 0.36,
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                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa66-tecamid-66-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:40.049695+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
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              {
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                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa66-tecamid-66-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:40.049695+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": 12,
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                "conditions": "23-100°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa66-tecamid-66-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:40.049695+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
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              {
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                  "aircraft and aerospace technology",
                  "automotive industry"
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                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa66-tecamid-66-natural",
                  "section": "Target industries",
                  "ligne": "Liste de secteurs",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:40.049695+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
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              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "champ": "rm",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
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                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa66-tecamid-66-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:40.049695+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "champ": "resistance_traction_limite_elastique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa66-tecamid-66-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength at yield",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:40.049695+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "champ": "durete",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa66-tecamid-66-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:40.049695+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "ISO 22007-4:2008",
                "champ": "conductivite_thermique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa66-tecamid-66-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:40.049695+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa66-tecamid-66-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:40.049695+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa66-tecamid-66-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:40.049695+00:00"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "PA 6 C",
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              {
                "valeur": 1.15,
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                "source": {
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                  "ligne": "Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:43.429090+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
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              {
                "valeur": 83,
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                "notes_essai": [
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                "conditions": "50mm/min",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecast-t-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:43.429090+00:00"
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              }
            ],
            "resistance_traction_limite_elastique": [
              {
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                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "notes_essai": [
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                "conditions": "50mm/min",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecast-t-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength at yield",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:43.429090+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
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                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecast-t-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:43.429090+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 0.38,
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                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecast-t-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:43.429090+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
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                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecast-t-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:43.429090+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": 12,
                "unite": "10-5*1/K",
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                "norme": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "conditions": "23-100°C, long.",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecast-t-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:43.429090+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
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                  "oil and gas industry",
                  "automotive industry",
                  "heavy duty industry"
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                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecast-t-natural",
                  "section": "Target industries",
                  "ligne": "Liste de secteurs",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:43.429090+00:00"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "champ": "rm",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecast-t-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:43.429090+00:00"
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              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
                "champ": "resistance_traction_limite_elastique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecast-t-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Tensile strength at yield",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:43.429090+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 868",
                "champ": "durete",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecast-t-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Shore hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:43.429090+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "ISO 22007-4:2008",
                "champ": "conductivite_thermique",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecast-t-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:43.429090+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecast-t-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:43.429090+00:00"
                }
              },
              {
                "valeur": "DIN EN ISO 11359-1;2",
                "champ": "dilatation",
                "type": "Méthode d’essai, pas certification matière",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-gb/shapes/pa6-tecast-t-natural",
                  "section": "Technical details",
                  "ligne": "Thermal expansion (CLTE)",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13T16:33:43.429090+00:00"
                }
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "url": "/usinage/pa/"
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    {
      "nom": "Titane",
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        {
          "designation": "Titane Grade 2",
          "etat_documente": "Grade 2, état livraison non précisé ; valeur Rm de la fiche",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 4.51,
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                "nature": "typique",
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                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/FR-TiGrade2_-FT005.pdf",
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                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Density"
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              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 345,
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                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/FR-TiGrade2_-FT005.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm"
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              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 145,
                "unite": "HV",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Valeur physique fiche ACNIS ; état et dimension de l’éprouvette non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/FR-TiGrade2_-FT005.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness"
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              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 8.7,
                "unite": "10⁻⁶ K⁻¹",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Moyenne 20 à 200 °C ; unité reproduite de la fiche comme coefficient relatif",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/FR-TiGrade2_-FT005.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation"
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              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 16.4,
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "20 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/FR-TiGrade2_-FT005.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity"
                }
              }
            ],
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              {
                "valeur": [
                  "ASTM B348",
                  "ASTM B265",
                  "ASTM F67",
                  "ISO 5832-2"
                ],
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Références citées dans la fiche ACNIS ; chiffres selon tableau produit identifié",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/FR-TiGrade2_-FT005.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "NORMES / STANDARDS",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "NORMES / STANDARDS",
                  "tableau": "NORMES / STANDARDS"
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              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Industrie",
                  "Médical",
                  "Aéronautique"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "ACNIS",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/FR-TiGrade2_-FT005.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "APPLICATIONS",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "APPLICATIONS",
                  "tableau": "APPLICATIONS"
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            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "Ti6Al4V Grade 5",
          "etat_documente": "Barres ASTM B348 diamètre ≤76 mm, Rm minimum ; dureté physique informative",
          "proprietes": {
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              {
                "valeur": 4.43,
                "unite": "g/cm³",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Valeur de la fiche ; état et température sauf indication non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UK-TA6VGrade5_-FT008.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Density"
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              }
            ],
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              {
                "valeur": 895,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "minimum",
                "conditions": "Barres ASTM B348 diamètre ≤76 mm, Rm minimum ; dureté physique informative",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UK-TA6VGrade5_-FT008.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm"
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              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 33,
                "unite": "HRC",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Valeur physique fiche ACNIS ; état et dimension de l’éprouvette non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UK-TA6VGrade5_-FT008.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness"
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              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 9,
                "unite": "10⁻⁶ K⁻¹",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Moyenne 20 à 200 °C ; unité reproduite de la fiche comme coefficient relatif",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UK-TA6VGrade5_-FT008.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation"
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              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 6.7,
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "20 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UK-TA6VGrade5_-FT008.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "ASTM B348",
                  "ASTM B265"
                ],
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Références citées dans la fiche ACNIS ; chiffres selon tableau produit identifié",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UK-TA6VGrade5_-FT008.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "NORMES / STANDARDS",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "NORMES / STANDARDS",
                  "tableau": "NORMES / STANDARDS"
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              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Aéronautique",
                  "Industrie"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "ACNIS",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UK-TA6VGrade5_-FT008.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "APPLICATIONS",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "APPLICATIONS",
                  "tableau": "APPLICATIONS"
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              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "designation": "Ti6Al4V ELI Grade 23",
          "etat_documente": "ASTM F136 diamètre/épaisseur <4,75 mm, Rm minimum ; dureté physique informative",
          "proprietes": {
            "densite": [
              {
                "valeur": 4.43,
                "unite": "g/cm³",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Valeur de la fiche ; état et température sauf indication non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UK-TA6V-ELI_-FT001.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Density",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Density"
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              }
            ],
            "rm": [
              {
                "valeur": 860,
                "unite": "MPa",
                "nature": "minimum",
                "conditions": "ASTM F136 diamètre/épaisseur <4,75 mm, Rm minimum ; dureté physique informative",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UK-TA6V-ELI_-FT001.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Rm"
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              }
            ],
            "durete": [
              {
                "valeur": 310,
                "unite": "HV",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Valeur physique fiche ACNIS ; état et dimension de l’éprouvette non précisés",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UK-TA6V-ELI_-FT001.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés mécaniques / Hardness"
                }
              }
            ],
            "dilatation": [
              {
                "valeur": 9,
                "unite": "10⁻⁶ K⁻¹",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "Moyenne 20 à 200 °C ; unité reproduite de la fiche comme coefficient relatif",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UK-TA6V-ELI_-FT001.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / coefficient de dilatation"
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              }
            ],
            "conductivite_thermique": [
              {
                "valeur": 6.7,
                "unite": "W/(m·K)",
                "nature": "typique",
                "conditions": "20 °C",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UK-TA6V-ELI_-FT001.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
                  "section": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity",
                  "tableau": "Propriétés physiques / Thermal conductivity"
                }
              }
            ],
            "norme_reference": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "ASTM F136",
                  "ISO 5832-3",
                  "ASTM B348",
                  "ASTM B265"
                ],
                "unite": "référence",
                "conditions": "Références citées dans la fiche ACNIS ; chiffres selon tableau produit identifié",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UK-TA6V-ELI_-FT001.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "NORMES / STANDARDS",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
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              }
            ],
            "secteurs": [
              {
                "valeur": [
                  "Médical",
                  "Aéronautique",
                  "Industrie"
                ],
                "unite": "applications",
                "conditions": "ACNIS",
                "source": {
                  "url": "https://acnis-titanium.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UK-TA6V-ELI_-FT001.pdf",
                  "rubrique": "APPLICATIONS",
                  "date_collecte": "2026-10-13",
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      "url": "/usinage/titane/"
    }
  ]
}